What is a closed-die forging?
A billet is heated and placed in the lower die, and a hammer or press forces the upper die down so the metal flows to fill the cavity, with surplus escaping as flash that is later trimmed. The grain of the metal follows the shape of the part, which improves strength and fatigue resistance. Parts are then heat-treated, machined where needed and inspected, and the process is used for crankshafts, connecting rods, gears, flanges and many other components.
Listed manufacturers
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List your companyClosed-Die Forging or open-die forging?
Closed-die forging gives closer tolerances and a near-finished shape in volume, but the dies are costly, so it suits repeat parts. Open-die forging shapes the metal between simple dies, which suits large, simple or low-volume parts without special tooling.
What to specify when you ask for a quote
- Material and grade, with the standard it must meet.
- Part weight and dimensions, and the tolerance and machining allowance.
- Annual volume, which decides the economics of the dies.
- Heat treatment and the mechanical properties required.
- Testing: hardness, mechanical tests and non-destructive testing where needed.
- Die ownership, die life and traceability from billet to part.
Where it is used
- AutomotiveCrankshafts, connecting rods, gears and steering parts.
- AgricultureImplement parts and hitch components.
- RailwaysCouplers, axle parts and brake components.
Frequently asked questions
Why are forged parts stronger than cast ones?
Forging refines the grain and makes it follow the shape of the part, which improves strength and fatigue resistance. Castings can have internal porosity and a random grain structure.
What is flash in forging?
Flash is the thin excess metal that squeezes out between the dies. It is trimmed off after forging, and the way it is handled affects material use and cost.
What should I send for a forging quote?
A drawing, the material and grade, the weight, the annual volume, the heat treatment and tests required, and any machining you need the forger to do.